推荐理由
前言
自从1978年恢复研究生入学考试以来,英语试卷的分量愈来愈重,这不仅体现在数量上,而且体现在难度上,体现在试卷中地道的英语和大量的习惯用语上。作者曾在上世纪90年代出版的一本考研指导书中对研究生入学考试英语试卷做过详细的分析,将考研词汇精确地分为如下四大类型:
①短语与搭配。
②同义词和近义词。
③在拼写和词形上容易混淆的词。
④根据上下文选择答案的词。
分析发现第1、2类所占比例最大,分别占全部词汇题的40%和30%。而第3、4类则只要单词记得牢,看懂上下文意思,便能做出答案。在前两类中,短语和搭配是特别难记的,它们的意思通常和构成这个短语的任何单词都没有关系,因而人们在记忆过程中往往会受到这些词原意的干扰,产生错误联想。如putaway,人们会把它误解成“弃之一边”,而它的实际意义则是“收好备用”,几乎没有规律可循。另外,英语短语的数量很大,一个简单的动词或名词往往可以和其他词构成几十条甚至上百条短语,而且愈是常用的词构成的短语就愈多。作者在翻译一本英文教材时曾遇到这样一段话:
一个显见的事实是:一个优秀的外国学生和一个英国人在作文,尤其是在说话方面的区别,就在于英国人的作文和说话中充满了短语和习惯表达,而多数外国学生都很害怕它们,小心翼翼地回避它们,结果听起来语言呆板。喜欢人家赞扬自己英语棒的外国学生,可以通过正确地大量使用这样的短语和习惯表达来最有成效地达到这个目的。
(F.V.Bywater)
这段话和对笔者考研试卷的分析都表明,惯用语足考生词汇复习的重要内容。但是惯用语的用法也是很难掌握的,它需要结合情景、例句来琢磨以获得语感,通过科学地训练来达到速记。本书就是根据以上特点,结合应试者的实际需要而编写的。作者搜集近年来考研试题中所出现的全部短语,科学地将其归为六大类,每类又根据记忆可行性的需要分为若干小节,每节按字母顺序排列,便于查找。每条惯用语全都配有试卷中的例句。每节中都配有形式多样的速记练习题。练习题的四种主要形式——辨认、填空、选择填空及画线置换——都是现代英语考试的主要形式,因而对提高考生的应试能力很有帮助。
最后提一下,在这套丛书中,我们把某个惯用语归为副词短语、形容词短语或连词短语,并非因为这个短语中一定有副词、形容词或连词,而是因为它们在句中起着这些词的作用;其次,有些短语(如a little)既可起副词状语作用,也可起形容词定语作用,因而在两章中皆能找到。更有甚者,有些短语的分类可能会引起争议,但这并不妨碍同学们通过例句和练习来迅速掌握其意思与用法。
另外,本书设计的目的不仅是帮助读者记住这些短语和习惯表达,更希望读者通过做题和熟悉词条下的实例,接触考研试卷中所有的句型,从而提高阅读和写作能力,实现一箭双雕(kill two birds with。ne stone)的目的。果真如此,编者的目的也就达到了。
目录
第一章 动词短语
动词短语A—E
练习一
动词短语F—N
练习二
动词短语O—Y
……
先读为快
书摘
Very few writers on the subj ect have explored this distinction--indeed,contradiction--which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put corn— puters in the classroom.
go to the movies去看电影
1 wish I could have gone to the movies with you last night.
g0 up上升,升高,提高,增长
Scarcely had they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up.
The sun is also variable over the long term:its heat output goes up and down in cycles,the latest trend being downward.
With production going up steadily.the factory needs an ever—increasing supply of raw materials.
go well with和……相处融洽,和……完全相配;在
……进展顺利
At first everything went well with the project but recently problems kept cropping up.
go with伴随,连同;与……相配/合适/和谐
Another rule is to ask the staff questions:how is this dish cooked?what goes with what?what’S that rather tasty 100king dish the people at the next table
are having?and SO on.
go wrong走错路,出差错,出毛病;失败
One summer something did go wrong with the power plant that provides New York with electricity.
Something has gone terribly wrong with our once— proud American way of life.
We rarely bother to consider why or how they run——until something goes wrong.
graduate with honors以优异成绩毕业
About 70 per cent had graduated from college, though only 30 per cent had graduated wit h honors.
grind on不断地研磨,不停地生产
There isn’t room for much more waste,and yet the factories grind on.They cannot stop because everyone wants a job.
grind up把……完全碾碎
In the same way,when there is perfect combus— tim,there’S nothing or next to nothing left of the matter we burn.h’S ground up completely.It is used up.It returns to its original nothingness.
It’S j ust as though we were t
……